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32-21-130 Micrograph

 

Inv. 32-21-130
Bracelet (two pieces)
A complete section from the broken end of the larger piece: magnification, 200x
Etchant: Klemm’s III
(Sn, <0.020%; As, 0.54%; Ni, 0.44%)

Despite extensive corrosion of this artifact’s surface, the microstructure still retains sufficient polyhedral grains that, in their twinning and distortion, do indicate there was a moderate amount of non-uniform cold-working, to produce more fine grains close to the artifact’s edge, prior to a final annealing. Inclusions are large and coarse-textured, and most likely are remnants of non-metallic material (matte) that became entrapped in the copper during its original smelting.

Microhardness VHN: 110 ± 9 (n=5)
Uniform; data scatter (with the VHN ranging 124 to 99) is most likely due to the presence of intergranular corrosion products.